The Journey Of Reconciliation And The Freedom Rides

In the books, A Nation Forged in War: How World War II Taught Americans to Get Along by Thomas Bruscino and Freedom’s Main Line: The Journey of Reconciliation and the Freedom Rides by Derek Charles Catsam, both focus on the subject of racism, religious tolerance, and segregation. Although both books deal with the same topic the authors have different opinions toward what was the cause of the beginning of bringing these matters to an end. These are a few of the reasons the authors give for their opinions on the subject. Throughout A Nation Forged in War Thomas Bruscino states his belief that the rise of ethnic tolerance was due to military service during World War II. His first piece of evidence he uses for this claim is that the†¦show more content†¦They listened to hearts, checked feet, examined buttocks, and took urine specimens.† Although many men felt this process was a horrible event that stripped them of their dignity it did have the positive outcome of b ringing these men of different ethnicities and religions together. In Freedom’s Main Line, Derek Catsam argues that the most important battle for civl rights was segregated transportation. The first piece of evidence Catsam provides for this statement is that segregated transportation sparked the beginning of the freedom riders. The Freedom Riders were a group of civil rights activists who would ride interstate buses into the segregated southern United States beginning in 1961. Their reason for beginning this act was to challenge the lack of enforcement of the United States Supreme Court’s decision that segregated buses were unconstitutional. Another piece of evidence he details is the numerous amounts of cases brought to the supreme court due to segregated transportation, some of the cases being Brown v. Board, Morgan v. Virginia, and Boynton v. Virginia. The Brown v. Board case was a landmark United States Supreme court case in which the court established state laws declaring that separate public schools for white and black students was unconstitutional. The Morgan v. Virginia case was a major United States Supreme Court case thatShow MoreRelatedFreedom Riders: Rebels with a Cause1400 Words   |  6 PagesFreedom Riders: Rebels with a Cause â€Å"If not us, then who? If not now, then when? Will there be a better day for it tomorrow or next year? Will it be less dangerous then? Will someone else’s children have to risk their lives instead of us risking ours?† -- John Lewis May 16, 1961, to other Nashville students considering joining the Freedom Rides John Lewis, a young black man who was born in the South, participated in the Freedom Rides. His statement rang true when Nashville students were facedRead MoreAlabama Bus Boycott : A Civil Association For The Advancement Of Colored People1528 Words   |  7 PagesFollowing the seemingly successful 1950s Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott, a protest for segregation where African Americans under the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) refused to ride Alabama buses, ended after 381 days when the Supreme Court ordered Alabama to integrate its bus systems, the state figuratively dragged its heels in changing its transit. In fact, ten years later when the Supreme Court ruled segregated buses unconstitutional nationwide yet southernRead MoreAlabama Bus Boycott : A Civil Association For The Advancement Of Colored People1479 Words   |  6 PagesFollowing the seemingly successful 1950’s Montgomery, Alabama bus boycott, a protest for segregation where Afri can Americans under the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) refused to ride Alabama buses, ending after 381 days when the Supreme Court ordered Alabama to integrate its bus systems, the state figuratively dragged its heels in changing its transit. In fact, ten years later when the Supreme Court ruled segregated buses unconstitutional nationwide, yet southernRead MoreDuring the Civil Rights Movement era there were many prominent figures and parties that challenged1100 Words   |  5 Pagesstandards as much as the Freedom Riders. The Freedom Riders impact on political and social views influenced a drastic shift in the behaviors and thought of the Southern states. Many aspects of the Freedom Rides were influenced by the Journey of Reconciliation. The Journey of Reconciliation was comprised of a wide array of Caucasian and African American men of all occupations, including musicians, lawyers, clergy men and various other influential positions. The Journey of Reconciliations mainRead MoreThe Australian and American Freedom Rides Essay675 Words   |  3 PagesAustralian and American Freedom Rides This essay briefly discusses the similarities and differences of the ‘Australian and American Freedom Rides’ history. Throughout the essay, there is a discussion on what the reasons were for the protest of the Freedom Rides. It also points out the duration of the protest and the major locations where they were held. The essay also shows the different reactions to the protest and the influential behaviour it results in. The American Freedom Rides were motivated byRead MoreEssay On Overcoming Us History881 Words   |  4 Pagesthe south. When 1947 hit the Freedom Rides came into play. The Freedom Rides were part of the Journey of Reconciliation. These freedom rides were sponsored by the Fellowship of Reconciliation and CORE. The original Freedom Ride of 1947 consisted of mainly men but when the 1961 freedom ride came into play both men and women were able to take part. Most freedom riders faced violence on their journey. The worst incident occurred in Anniston, AL, where the bus the freedom riders rode was bombed. DuringRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of James Farmer Essay1893 Words   |  8 PagesFreedom and equality are inherent rights in the United States: therefore, I encourage young people to take on the task by standing up and speaking out on behalf of people denied those rights. We have not yet finished the job of making our country whole† - James Farmer, 19 James Farmer was one of the â€Å"Big Four† of the civil rights movement era of the nineteen hundreds, he called for racial harmony through non-violence. James Farmer helped shape civil rights movements with his use of non-violentRead MoreInformative Speech: The Congress of Racial Equality Essay1011 Words   |  5 Pagesorganization. Foundation of CORE:  · by a group of students in Chicago in 1942  · Early members included George Houser, James Farmer, Anna Murray and Bayard Rustin.  · Members were mainly pacifists (CORE evolved out of the pacifist Fellowship of Reconciliation.)  · deeply influenced by Henry David Thoreau and the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi  · tried to implement the nonviolent civil disobedience campaign that M. Gandi used successfully against British rule in India.  · The students became convincedRead MoreThe Importance Of Freedom Rides1130 Words   |  5 Pagescalled the Freedom Rides(History/Watch). Life-threatening but essential, the 1961 freedom rides were very important in the civil rights movement. On April 9th, 1947, C.O.R.E. and local citizens, black and white, hopped on 2 busses: Greyhound and Trailways(Columbia Electronic). They set off on a journey through the south to â€Å"test† the decision of the supreme court case Morgan vs. Virginia(History/Watch). The 1961 freedom rides were entirely based on the 1947 rides; however, the 1947 rides did not acceptRead MoreBy the late 1950s, the African American community was ready to fight for the major social change600 Words   |  3 Pagesthe Freedom Rides, which were developed to test a 1946 Supreme Court decision declaring that segregation on interstate transportation was unconstitutional.1 In 1947, the civil rights group known as the Congress of Racial Equality organized a Journey of Reconciliation, sending eight black men and eight white men on buses across the South. Beginning on April 9, 1947, the riders, which included Eugene Stanley from North Carolina AT University, set out on buses from Washington, D.C. The Journey of Reconciliation

A Reflection On Memory Malleability - 896 Words

Ariel Susanto Professor Ilona Pitkanen Psychology 203 12 March 2017 Memory Malleability Think back to an intense moment in your life. Maybe it’s a memory of the time you thought you were going to die in a car crash. Maybe the excitement of a high school prom night. Or maybe the time your older sister got married in a beautiful ceremony. To most people, those memories are striking. The details remain clear in their minds. You’ll remember how nervous you felt at the prospect of a toast, the feel of the uncomfortable formal shoes and attire, the aroma of roses in the bouquet. Months and even years later, you recount the day minute by minute, bringing up conversations and events that happened with certainty. These clear remembrances are†¦show more content†¦One key aspect to FBM is the confidence attributed by the people with these memories. Although the recollection is vivid and appears to be a clear picture, the accuracy is surprisingly off. Studies show that over time, people’s confidence in FBM increases while the accuracy decreases. In the case of the 9/11 attacks, when people were surveyed about what they remembered â€Å"within ten days, there were significant inconsistencies. A year after the event, only about 2/3 of what people remembered was accurate† (Krauss, 2015). If people were interviewed a few days after the event happened, their story would change when asked again the following year, and yet again if questioned further. An interesting find is that when an incorrect detail is suggested or mentioned in the retelling of the event, that aspect would be most likely repeated in the next recount. Confidence correlates negatively with accuracy, although if it’s an actual flashbulb memory, the inaccuracies don’t tend to fall below a sixty percent rate (Krauss, 2015). There are multiple reasons as to why accuracy decreases over time. The simplest explanation is the concept of working memory. As time passes, the details become less clear. There has been much debate over the question of whether flashbulb memories are a phenomenon that actually occurs, or if the memory is only highlighted with emotional trauma. People areShow MoreRelated The History of Film Essay1286 Words   |  6 Pagesmainstream release. Within this essay I will briefly explain the different types of narratives and the reasons for their popularity. The directorial intent for many non-linear narratives can be to evoke mood, maintain suspense, indicate the malleability of memory, signify dream, and above all to provide visual pleasure. The involvement that a spectator can feel from a non-linear narrative can offer both a sense of pleasure and relation. The fact that it is up to the viewer to keep up, put things togetherRead MoreCritical Analysis : I Stand Here Ironing 1175 Words   |  5 Pagesof this historical time on the relationship between mother and child is illustrated in the short story by Tillie Olson titled: â€Å"I Stand Here Ironing† and in some chapter segments of Russell Baker’s book titled: â€Å"Growing Up†. Both works are reflections on the past told in first person narrative. This conveys a strong sense of authenticity as the past and present are melded together. These reminisces grant an insight into the human condition and the daily problems of ordinary people. HoweverRead MoreComplexity Science And Systems Thinking4544 Words   |  19 PagesIn the prior chapter, I established both the multiplicity and malleability of identity and its role in conflict transformation. I will now explore the literature on complexity science and systems thinking. More specifically, I investigate the self as a complex adaptive system to support the transformation of self, society, and conflict. First I will look at complexity science and systems thinking to bring some clarity and definition to the inquiry, then I will explore the sciences that attributeRead More Hip Hop Music: East Coast, West Coast, Dirty South, and Midwest Rap3742 Words   |  15 Pagesmultiple characteristics. Young artist J. Cole (2013) explains this best by stating in an interview, â€Å"I think there’s no rules [in rap]. You can say what you want. That’s your poetic license: to test people’s boundaries. † (p.1) The results of such malleability and the need to experiment within the unwritten boundaries of hip hop are the birth of different styles and sectors/scenes in America. These sectors are represented by the geographic location of the artists and the distinctive sounds and stylesRead More Transcending Herbert Marcuse on Alienation, Art and the Humanities4411 Words   |  18 Pagesmeaning of human experience, rather than on the sheer description of data (this latter procedure being rejected as the non-philosophical approach of behaviorism and the physical sciences). He regards classical learning by means of discourse and reflection on philosophy, literature, drama, music, painting, sculpture, etc., as liberating insofar as it is thought to impel humanity beyond the first dimension, the realm of mere fact, to the world of significance and meaning. As Marcuse sees it, theRead MoreUnderstanding And Combat Weight Bias9848 Words   |  40 Pagespopulation – are remarka bly malleable, such that brief exposure to a class of stimuli (adaptation) alters the features that are perceived to be normative for those stimuli (aftereffects; Clifford Rhodes, 2005). In fact, observations about the malleability of human perception date back at least as far as Aristotle (ca 330 BC). Early empirical work on this topic built upon Aristotle’s observations by focusing specifically on adaptation to low-level visual cues such as color and motion (Blakemore Read MoreMetz Film Language a Semiotics of the Cinema PDF100902 Words   |  316 Pagesindividual films states all there is to be said about film in general. And certainly the criticism of films—or, better yet, their analysis—is an enterprise of utmost importance: it is the film-makers who create the art of the cinema; it is through reflection on those individual films we have liked (or those we have disliked) that we have gained insights into the art of the film in general. Still, there are other approaches. Cinema is a vast subject, and there are more ways than one to enter it. TakenRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesE SSAYS ON TWENTIETH-C ENTURY H ISTORY In the series Critical Perspectives on the Past, edited by Susan Porter Benson, Stephen Brier, and Roy Rosenzweig Also in this series: Paula Hamilton and Linda Shopes, eds., Oral History and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture inRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesthe job,† Scott said. Why is Scott more concerned with his parents’ reaction than he is with finding a job? To some degree, this is a reflection of the job offer (too low a salary, too small a company, too limited a job description). However, it also suggests a generational shift in thinking. While the job market for new entrants is perhaps the most sluggish in memory, new college graduates remain committed to following their dreams and holding out high hopes for their careers. Scott’s father, David

Rosalind Krauss - Photographys Discursive Spaces - 9350 Words

Photographys Discursive Spaces: Landscape/View Rosalind Krauss Art Journal, Vol. 42, No. 4, The Crisis in the Discipline. (Winter, 1982), pp. 311-319. Stable URL: http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0004-3249%28198224%2942%3A4%3C311%3APDSL%3E2.0.CO%3B2-8 Art Journal is currently published by College Art Association. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTORs Terms and Conditions of Use, available at http://www.jstor.org/about/terms.html. JSTORs Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entire issue of a journal or multiple copies of articles, and you may use content in the JSTOR archive only for your personal, non-commercial use. Please†¦show more content†¦The lithograph belongs to the discourse of geology and, thus, of empirical science. In order for it to function within this discourse, the ordinary elements of topographical description had to be restored to the image produced by Fig. 1 Timothy OSullivan, Tufa Domes, Pyramid Lake (Nevada), 1868. Fig. 2 Photolithograph after OSullivan, Tufa Domes, Pyramid Lake, Published in King Survey report, 1875. Winter 1982 311 OSullivan. The coordinates of a continuous homogeneous space, mapped not so much by perspective as by the cartographic grid, had to be reconstructed in terms of a coherent recession along an intelligibly horizontal plane retreating towards a definite horizon. The geological data of the tufa domes had to be grounded, coordinated, mapped. As shapes afloat on a continuous, vertical plane, they would have been ~ s e l e s s . ~ And the photograph? Within what discursive space does it operate? Aesthetic discourse as it developed in the nineteenth century organized itself increasingly around what could be called the space of exhibition. Whether public museum, official salon, worlds fair, or private showing, the space of exhibition was constituted in part by the continuous surface of wall, a wall

Shakespeare Alive! Ch 1-3 Summaries Essay - 819 Words

Sam Parzych Mr. Keefe Community the Individual June 17th, 2013 Chapter 1 - â€Å"One Day at a Time: What Daily Life Was Like† In the late 16th century of England life was rough. Many families had multiple children, but not enough money to support all of them. Families most likely live on the countryside, trying their hardest to survive on what little they have. The late 16th century was full of contradictions, as well. A woman, Queen Elizabeth, was ruler, but in the family women still had no say. Men ran the house still. The rich would wander around Europe for fun, while the poor stumbled around begging for scraps to survive. Most people couldn’t even read, while the pompous are being treated to the highest forms of education! All†¦show more content†¦They were being considered the highest achievements of ancient literature for their action packed stories that still contain Christian moral virtues like courage, loyalty, and patience. In other locations around the world new countries were popping up out of no where it seemed. This of course caused chaos to their tiny world of peace. Unfortunately the church could no longer provide stability. Harry VIII claimed that the ruler would also be the head of the new Protestant Church. This vicious sever from the Catholic Church was still a healing wound in all the people’s minds, and all this discovery was just like rubbing salt in it. Chapter 3 – Elizabethan Star Wars: Superstitions and the Supernatural: The Elizabethans were a very superstitious bunch. In fact most of our silly seeming superstitions come from them. All of our superstitions from knocking on wood for good luck to black cats crossing your path being a bad omen. They also believed in everything from ghosts, to magic, to fairies, to the influence of the stars and planets alignment. Many Elizabethan bedsides were haunted from â€Å"the terrors of the night†. Back then their ghosts were nothing like the pasty blobs we call ghosts now. Theirs were quite gruesome. Ghostly visitations were claimed to have been very unpleasant. Not only this, but they claimed it cast them into a state of spiritual confusion. And ifShow MoreRelatedApproaches to Organisation and Management19498 Words   |  78 Pages  Others  say  that  all  these different  ideas  are  little  more  than  short-term  fads  and  have  little  practical value.’ What  do  you  think?  What  role  does  management  theory  have  in  helping  us solve  problems  we  face  in  our  organisational  lives  today? PART  1  Ã‚  Ã‚  THE  ORGANISATIONAL  SETTING THE  THEORY  OF  MANAGEMENT A  central  part  of  the  study  of  organisation  and  management  is  the  development  of  manage- ment  Ã‚  thinking  Ã‚  and  Ã‚  what  Ã‚  might  Ã‚  be  Ã‚  termed  Ã‚  management  Ã‚  theory.  Ã‚  The  Ã‚  application  Ã‚  of  Ã‚  theory brings  about  change  in  actual  behaviourRead MoreA Picatrix Miscellany52019 Words   |  209 PagesA PicA Trix MiscellAny Underground Edition 2007 e.v. CONTENTS On the Picatrix I. Introduction to the Picatrix (The Aim of the Sage) of al-Majriti, Maslamati ibn Ahmad II. Summary of the Contents of the Picatrix III. Excerpt from a Lecture on Alchemy by Terence McKenna On the Moon and the Lunar Mansions IV. Extracts on the Moon V. The Mansions of the Moon: â€Å"On the Creation, Proportion and Composition of the Heavens for the Fashioning of Images† VI. The Picatrix: Lunar Mansions in Western AstrologyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesRobbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Diversity in Organizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality

Reasonable Accommodation In The Work Place Under A Essay Example For Students

Reasonable Accommodation In The Work Place Under A Essay daReasonable Accommodation in the Work Place Under ADAbyJulie RobertsComp 1113Section 12-041Instructor Joy CleaverDecember 2, 1996There may be as many as one thousand different disabilities that affectover forty-three million Americans. Of all the laws and regulations governingthe treatment of those Americans the American with Disabilities Act (ADA) is themost recent major law. It was passed in 1990 and although it is spelled out ina technical ADA manual that is several hundred pages in length. Two of ADAstwo major sections, Titles II and III concern the operation of state and localgovernment and places of public accommodation. They require new public andcommercial facilities to be accessible to people with disabilities. Modifications to existing facilities need to be made only if the cost isreadily achievable and does not cause an undue financial or administrativeburden. This essay will concentrate on Title I, the employment aspects of thelaw. This section forbids employment discrimination against people withdisabilities who are able to perform the essential functions of the job with orwithout reasonable accommodation. This definition poses three main questions: Who is considered disabled?What is an essential function of a job? What is considered ReasonableAccommodation?To be protected under the ADA an individual must have a physical ormental impairment that substantially affects one or more major life activities. The impairment may not be due to environmental, cultural, or economicdisadvantages. For example a person who cannot read because they have dyslexiais considered disabled but a person who cannot read because they dropped out ofschool is not. In addition persons who are perceived to be disabled areprotected by ADA. For example, if a person were to suffer a heart attack, whenhe tries to return to work the boss might be scared the workload will be toomuch and refuse to let him come back. The employer would be in violation of theADA because he perceives the employee as disabled and is discriminating based onthat perception. Two classes that are explicitly excluded from protection underADA are those individuals whose current use of alcohol or illegal drug isaffecting their job performance. However those who are recovering from theirformer use of either alcohol or drugs are covered. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the federal agencyresponsible for enforcing the ADA and other EEO laws that apply to most publicand private employers, separates job duties into two categories: essential andmarginal. Essential functions are those duties that each person in a certainposition must do or must be able to do to be an effective employee. Marginalfunctions are duties that are required of only some employees or are notcritical to job performance. The ADA requires that employers make decisionsabout applicants with disabilities solely on the basis oftheir ability to perform essential job functions. Reasonable accommodations are the actions taken to accommodate the knowndisabilities of applicants or employees so that disabled persons can enjoy equalemployment opportunities. Since it is not generally acceptable for a potentialemployer to ask about a disability or conduct test such as HIV test to look fordisabilities, it is the responsibility of the applicant or employee to informthe employer of the disability and needed accommodation. At that point theemployer must make reasonable accommodation for the known disability. Anemployer may not deny employment in order to avoid providing the reasonableaccommodation unless it would cause an undue hardship. Even then the applicantor employee should be given the option of providing accommodation himself. Barbera Kingsolver's EssayExperts agree that a proactive and collaborative approach is the bestway to accommodate workers with disabilities and thereby avoid litigation. Since the first step is for the employee or applicant to identify himself asdisabled, the employer is not obligated to consider or provide any kind ofaccommodation until that identification is made. The request should be made inwritten form. At that point the individual and the employer collaborate inidentifying the barriers that limit the employees ability to perform essentialjob functions. There are standardized surveys that may assist in determiningthe employees existing or potential accommodation needs. One example is theWork Experience Survey, which is a structured interview that enables respondentsto determine career adjustments and advancements in a variety of areas. Nextthe employer should identify a variety of accommodations, using the person withthe disability as a resource. The alternatives are the considered and employerdetermines which would impose fewest economic hardships, considering theemployees preference when two equivalent accommodations have been identified. The chosen accommodation is then implemented. As with any company policy, it isimportant to document it and provide for ongoing reviews. Another importantfactor is to make sure there is a clear channel of communication with thedisabled person for addressing future needs. According to an article in HR Focus there are some steps employers cantake in designing work areas to easily accommodate employees. Some of thesuggestions include: Use panel systems so that work spaces can be easilymodified and work surface heights can be raised or lowered as needed. Installelectronically controlled work surfaces and tables. Lower storage areas orinstall storage areas that are movable. Install adjustable keyboard pads thatadjust easily with little hand pressure. Install adjustable lighting withvariable intensity that can add more or less light to the work space as needed. The Americans with Disabilities Act was enacted with the best ofintentions. Although it has undergone much scrutiny it is clearly a step in theright direction. As is apparent by the previously mentioned statistics andsurveys, the ADA has not put too large a burden upon business to providereasonable accommodation. However since the employment rate of the traditionalhandicapped person has not been affected since the laws inception there isobviously much work to be done. In the future if handicapped people are goingto be integrated into the mainstream of society it will take a collective effortnot from the United States Government, but from society in general. People fromboth all walks of life, including handicapped and nonhandicapped, must want thechanges and take some initiative to make it happen. Works CitedBowers, Brent. ADA Compliance comes cheap, a survey finds. Wall Street Journal16 Sep. 1994 p(b)2 col 5. Coelho, Tony. A sad story, but not typical. The Washington Post 19 Feb. 1995p(c)6. Gomez-Mejia, Luis R., David B. Balkin, Robert L. Cardy. Managing Human Resources. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1995. Mullins, James A, Jr. Use a Collaborative approach to reasonableaccommodation. HR Focus Feb. 1994 p16. Renolds, Larry. ADA Complaints are not what experts predicted. HR Focus Nov. 1993 p6. Smolowe, Jill. Noble Aims, Mixed Results Time 31 July 1995. Some quick tips to make workspaces more flexible HR Focus July 1992 p12-14. Stamps, David Just how scary is the ADA? Training June 1995 p93. Who are the Disabled?: At work: A controversial law falls down on the job. News Week 7 Nov. 1994.

Jackson Pollock Working Methods Essay Example For Students

Jackson Pollock Working Methods Essay Jackson Pollack was a complex man who brought many things into the forefront of impressionism. Although he led a very short life of 44 years he was known as one of the pioneers of abstract impressionism. His abstract painting techniques and unhealthy psychological being made him very sought after, studied and critiqued. Within his complexity came out a brilliant artist that was widely considered the most influential painter of the 20th century. Pollack?s first documented adventure into the art world was in 1929 when he began to study painting at the Art Students? League in New York City. Jackson, by this time in his life had already become a full-blown alcoholic. His brother, Sanford who taught as an apprentice at the school, was living with him in 1937 while Jackson continued attending school, wrote to Charles Beard a family friend. Jack has been having a very difficult time with himself. This past year has been a succession of periods of emotional instability for him which is usually expressed by a complete loss of responsibility both to himself and to us. Accompanied, of course with drinking. It came to the point where it was obvious that the man needed help. He was mentally sick. So I took him to a well recommended Doctor, a Psychiatrist, who has been trying to help the man find himself. As you know troubles such as his are very deep-rooted, in childhood usually, and it takes a long while to get them ironed out. He has been going some six months now and I feel there is a slight improvement in his point of view.1 Jackson Pollock was a very troubled man with deep personal issues. He tried to express himself through his paintings, his only release valve for his troubles and issues. He had had troublesome behavior from the time he was an adolescent and had already developed a drinking problem by the age of sixteen. By the age of twenty-five he had been in a car accident which was his fault, and had been arrested in Martha?s Vineyard for drunkenness and disturbing the peace.2 Jackson was definitely headed down the wrong trail. One of Jackson?s good life influences was Thomas Hart Benton who not only gave him his first true guidance in painting, but also introduced him to popular literature on psychology and to literary friends with special interest in the mind and its workings. Shortly after starting to study under Benton, Pollack became a family friend by spending part of each summer at the Bentons? vacationing cottage on Martha?s Vineyard.3 In his early works he was mostly dedicated to Regional ist work being heavily influenced by Mexican muralist painters Orozco, Rivera, and Sizueiros. Although he did experiment with abstraction of objects in line type paintings. Even with being trained under a realist in Benton, Jackson branched out to explore the expression of himself through his abstract paintings. In 1936 Pollock worked in a experimental workshop where he worked on floats and banners for the Communist demonstrations, but shortly his interest in politics diminished and the one for psychological arose. 1939 brought Jackson?s his first psychological treatment from psychoanalyst Dr. Joseph Henderson. From 1938 to 1942 Pollock worked for the Federal Art Project, and by the mid-40?s he was painting in a completely abstract manner. In 1944 Jackson met and married his Lee Krasner, also an abstract impressionist of great influence in the 20th century. In 1947 Pollock abruptly started working in what he was famous for, his â€Å"drip and splash† method. He continued painting throughout the early 50?s, and in 1956 Time magazine named Jackson â€Å"Jack the Dripper†.4 Later in 1956, Pollock would shock the world when he was in a fatal c ar wreck which added to his already legendary status as an artist, and was a demonstration of the harsh violent displayed in his paintings. Jackson Pollock biography EssayPollock was also known to have a very strong tie to nature and internal human forces as subject matter for his paintings. Kasner spoke of his strong interest in nature in an interview in 1944 saying, â€Å"Certainly his relationship to nature was intense. For example, the moon had a tremendous effect on him, and he liked gardening. Just walking on the beach in the wintertime with snow on the san was exciting. He identified very strongly with nature.†9 Tony Smith did a group of interviews called â€Å"Who Was Jackson Pollock?† In these interviews he spoke of how Jackson â€Å"identified with the land† and how he always used it in some way. â€Å"This was elemental; painting is always, to some extent, cultural.† He went on to say? I don?t think that Jackson painted o the floor just for its hard surface, or for the large area, or the freedom of movement, or so that the drips wouldn?t run. There was something else, a strong bond with the elements. The earth was always there.10 Many that were close to Jackson said that they would set silently with him, and watch nature for hours. Pollock believed that modern art, especially his own expressed the inner life of the artist. With this he did not just believe that the emotions of the painter at the time the painting was created were coming out, such as hate, love, anger, and fear. He believed that there were inner forces coming out of the painting expressing themselves. Jackson made himself very clear about this in an radio interview with William Wright when he started off by making the point that modern artists work from a different source? The thing that interests me is that today painters do not have to go to a subject matter outside of themselves. Most modern painters work from a different source. They work from within. ? the modern artist, it seems to me, is working and expressing an inner world? in other words?expressing he energy, the motion, and other inner forces.11 He meant from this exert that modern artists did not just draw inner force energy from themselves, but from the world around them. They drew energy from nature and from the city, from animals and people alike. Who was Jackson Pollock? This was a greatly wide spread question. Was he a genius or was he a lunatic? Was he an artist or was he an alcoholic? Jackson Pollock was a man with many ideals that not many could understand. Maybe only he could understand the complexity of his own mind, and the ideals that he believed in. Although Pollock was a psychologically complex man he was a genius of his time. Showing us not only a new way to paint, but also a new way to think. â€Å"Jack the Dripper†, one to be remembered and missed